Implementación y evaluación de la codificación LDPC para la transmisión de ficheros en entornos unidireccionales

[ES] La utilización de mecanismos FEC (Forward Error Correction) proporciona una mayor fiabilidad en la transmisión de contenido IP en entornos con pérdidas. De entre los distintos tipos de códigos FEC existentes, esta tesina presenta una completa evaluación sobre la codificación LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) basada en una implementación propia de dicha codificación, según las características definidas por la RFC 5170. Dicha evaluación muestra las ventajas que supone el empleo de codificación a nivel de paquete en la transmisión de ficheros en entornos unidireccionales, y realiza una comparación entre dos tipos de estructuras LDPC: Staircase y Triangle.[EN] FEC (Forward Error Correction) mechanisms improve IP content transmission reliability in the event of packet loss. Among different types of existing FEC codes, this dissertation presents a thorough evaluation of LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) coding, based on an implementation developed within this research project, according to the specifications defined by RFC 5170. The evaluation shows the advantages that packet level encoding provides to file transmission in unidirectional networks, and performs a comparison between two kinds of LDPC structures: Staircase and Triangle.De Fez Lava, I. (2010). Implementación y evaluación de la codificación LDPC para la transmisión de ficheros en entornos unidireccionales. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27228.Archivo delegad

An Adaptive Mechanism for Optimal Content Download in Wireless Networks

This paper presents an adaptive mechanism for improving the content download in wireless environments. The solution is based on the use of the file delivery over unidirectional transport (FLUTE) protocol in multicast networks, which reduce considerably the bandwidth when there are many users interested in the same contents. Specifically, the system proposed reduces the average download time of clients within the coverage area, thus improving the Quality of Experience. To that extent, clients send periodically feedback messages to the server reporting the losses they are experiencing. With this information, the server decides which is the optimum application layer forward error correction (AL-FEC) code rate that minimizes the average download time, taking into account the channel bandwidth, and starts sending data with that code rate. The system proposed is evaluated in various scenarios, considering different distributions of losses in the coverage area. Results show that the adaptive solution proposed is very suitable in wireless networks with limited bandwidth.This work is supported in part by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Government of Spain under project COMINN (IPT-2012-0883-430000). The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Wenwu Zhu.De Fez Lava, I.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2014). An Adaptive Mechanism for Optimal Content Download in Wireless Networks. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. 16(4):1140-1155. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2014.2307155S1140115516

Evaluation of background push content download services to mobile devices over DVB networks

© 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper proposes a multicast content download service based on the use of residual network capacity to push multimedia content to available local storage in personal multimedia devices. The service under study is based on the FLUTE protocol. Specifically, FLUTE packets fill the spare capacity in the IP tunnels reserved for the primary streaming service (opportunistic insertion). The paper also evaluates the use of AL-FEC parity to overcome transmission errors,object multiplexing to send the most popular multimedia contents more frequently and cache management policies that consider user preferences in order to keep in storage the most useful items. The service has been evaluated through simulations and measurements performed with an application prototype based on the DVB-H standards. The results show that AL-FEC enables the use of residual capacity for background content download services. In turn, AL-FEC, as well as object multiplexing, improves the relation between the number of content items and the overall access time. Moreover, results show that high percentages of requests can be served from the local cache of the service, provided that it is possible to estimate the popularity of content items and the user preferences.This work was supported by the PAID-05-12 program of the UniversitatPolitecnica de Valencia.Fraile Gil, F.; De Fez Lava, I.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2014). Evaluation of background push content download services to mobile devices over DVB networks. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 60(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2013.2289639S11560

Transmisión inalámbrica multimedia coordinada con DASH-SAND

[EN] The adoption of DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) as a video transmission standard has introduced new challenges in environments with high density of Wi-Fi clients. If video players do not take into account the playback status of other devices in the network unfair bandwidth distribution may cause playback problems (stalls, low playback quality, etc.). This paper proposes a collaborative playback technique based on DASH-SAND (MPEG¿s Server and Network Assisted DASH) that aims to reduce, in a collaborative way, the number of interruptions in the playback of multimedia content in Wi-Fi environments with high density of users. Results prove that the proposed solution reduces both the number and duration of stalls at the expense of decreasing the average representation of the playback.Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por el Programa PAID10-18 así como por el Proyecto Línea de I+D+i Tecnologías de distribución y procesado de información multimedia y QoE de la Universitat Politècnica de València.Belda Ortega, R.; De Fez Lava, I.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2020). Transmisión inalámbrica multimedia coordinada con DASH-SAND. Universidad de Málaga. 1-4. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/178577S1

Analysis and evaluation of adaptive LDPC AL-FEC codes for content download services

This paper proposes the use of adaptive low density parity check (LDPC) application layer-forward error correction (AL-FEC) codes for content download services over erasure channels. In adaptive LDPC codes, clients inform the content download server of the losses they are experiencing. Using this information, the server makes forward error correction (FEC) parity symbols available to the client at an optimum code rate. This paper presents an analytical model of the proposed adaptive LDPC codes. The model is validated through measurements realized with an application prototype. In addition, results show the performance of these codes in different scenarios, compared to the performance of nonadaptive AL-FEC, optimum LDPC AL-FEC codes, and an almost ideal rateless code. Adaptive LDPC AL-FEC codes achieve download times similar to almost ideal rateless codes with less coding complexity, at the expense of an interaction channel between server and clients.De Fez Lava, I.; Fraile Gil, F.; Belda Ortega, R.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2012). Analysis and evaluation of adaptive LDPC AL-FEC codes for content download services. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. 60(3):641-650. doi:10.1109/TMM.2012.2190392S64165060

Proxy-based near real-time TV content transmission in mobility over 4G with MPEG-DASH transcoding on the cloud

[EN] This paper presents and evaluates a system that provides TV and radio services in mobility using 4G communications. The system has mainly two blocks, one on the cloud and another on the mobile vehicle. On the cloud, a DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) receiver obtains the TV/radio signal and prepares the contents to be sent through 4G. Specifically, contents are transcoded and packetized using the DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) standard. Vehicles in mobility use their 4G connectivity to receive the flows transmitted by the cloud. The key element of the system is an on-board proxy that manages the received flows and offers them to the final users in the vehicle. The proxy contains a buffer that helps reduce the number of interruptions caused by hand over effects and lack of coverage. The paper presents a comparison between a live transmission using 4G connecting the clients directly with the cloud server and a near real-time transmission based on an on-board proxy. Results prove that the use of the proxy reduces the number of interruptions considerably and, thus, improves the Quality of Experience of users at the expense of slightly increasing the delay.This work is supported by the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial (CDTI) from the Government of Spain under the project "Plataforma avanzada de conectividad en movilidad" (CDTI IDI-20150126) and the project "Desarrollo de nueva plataforma de entretenimiento multimedia para entornos nauticos" (CDTI TIC-20170102).Arce Vila, P.; De Fez Lava, I.; Belda Ortega, R.; Guerri Cebollada, JC.; Ferrairó, S. (2019). Proxy-based near real-time TV content transmission in mobility over 4G with MPEG-DASH transcoding on the cloud. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 78(18):26399-26425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-07840-6S2639926425781

Android real-time audio communications over local wireless

This paper describes an Android mobile application that allows voice communications through short-range wireless networks, mainly Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The application is able to replicate as close as possible the behavior of a two-way radio device. The application is designed to receive audio streams from multiple devices simultaneously and to send them. The main design considerations of the application, such as audio recording and playing, audio coding or data transmission, are explained through the paper.Belda Ortega, R.; Arce Vila, P.; De Fez Lava, I.; Fraile Gil, F.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2012). Android real-time audio communications over local wireless. Waves. (4):35-42. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/57677S3542

Performance evaluation of AL-FEC LDPC codes for push content applications in wireless unidirectional environments

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0841-yFEC (Forward Error Correction) mechanisms improve IP content transmission reliability through the recovery of packets lost in transmission. Opposite to ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request), FEC mechanisms are especially suited to unidirectional environments or to multicast environments where multiple receivers perceived different channel losses, thus making difficult the implementation of mechanisms based on feedback information. Among the different types of FEC codes, this paper presents a thorough performance evaluation of LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes, based on an implementation developed by the authors, according to the specifications defined by RFC 5170 for the usage of LDPC codes by push content applications based on the FLUTE protocol. LDPC codes provide a good trade-off between performance and complexity, hence, they are appropriate for mobile applications. Contributions of this paper include tests conducted with commercial mobile phones connected to the push content download server over a Wi-Fi network. The evaluation highlights the advantages of using packet level FEC encoding in file transmission over unidirectional networks and provides with a comparison between two kinds of LDPC structures: Staircase and Triangle. This is accomplished by calculating the inefficiency ratio of these LDPC structures in different environments. Results show that the implemented LDPC codes can provide inefficiency ratios close to one when the different coding parameters (as the code rate or the number of blocks) are configured to an optimal value that depends on the packet loss rate. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade of the Government of Spain, under project "Redes Hibridas para la Provision de Servicios Turisticos" (TSI-020302-2010-165).De Fez Lava, I.; Fraile Gil, F.; Belda Ortega, R.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2012). Performance evaluation of AL-FEC LDPC codes for push content applications in wireless unidirectional environments. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 60(3):669-688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0841-yS6696886033GPP TS 22.146 (2006) Multimedia broadcast/multicast service; stage 1 (release 6), V6.7.03GPP TS 25.346 (2007) Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2 (Release8), V8.0.0Bai H, Atiquzzaman M (2003) Error modeling schemes for fading channels in wireless communications: a survey. IEEE Comm Surv Tutorials 5(2)Cunche M, Roca V (2008) Optimizing the error recovery capabilities of LDPC-staircase codes featuring a Gaussian elimination decoding scheme. Proc. of the 10th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing for Space Communications (SPSC), Rhodes Island, GreeceCunche M, Roca V (2008) Improving the decoding of LDPC codes for the packet erasure channel with a hybrid Zyablov iterative decoding/Gaussian elimination scheme. INRIA Research Report RR-6473Cunche M, Savin V, Roca V (2010) Analysis of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes under ML decoding over the erasure channel. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory and its Applications (ISITA), Taichung, TaiwanFaria G, Henriksson J, Stare E, Talmola P (2006) DVB-H: digital broadcast services to handheld devices. Proc IEEE 94(1):194–209Fraile F, de Fez I, Guerri JC (2011) Evaluation of a background push download service for personal multimedia devices. IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Las Vegas, USAGallager R G (1962), Low density parity check codes. IEEE Trans Inform Theor 8(1)Gil A, Fraile F, Ramos M, de Fez I, Guerri JC (2010) Personalized multimedia touristic services for mobile hybrid broadband/broadcast. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 56(1):129–211Handley M, Jacobson V (1998) SDP: session description protocol. 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IETF RFC 3926Park S, Miller K (1990) Random number generators: good ones are hard to find. Commun ACM 33(1):87–88INRIA Planète Research Team (2006) LDPC large block FEC codec distribution, http://planete-bcast.inrialpes.fr/article.php3?id_article=16Roca V, Neumann C (2004) Design, evaluation and comparison of four large block FEC codecs, LDPC, LDGM, LDGM staircase and LDGM triangle, plus a Reed-Solomon small block FEC codec. INRIA Research Report RR-5225Roca V, Neumann C, Furodet D (2008) Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Staircase and Triangle Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes. IETF RFC 5170Shokrollahi A (2006) Raptor codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory no. 6Watson M (2009) Basic Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes. IETF RFC 5445Watson M, Luby M, Vicisano L (2007) Forward Error Correction (FEC) building block. IETF RFC 5052White Paper (2009) Integrated Mobile Broadcast (IMB): the power of predictive broadcasting for 3G multimedia application

A personalized system for scalable distribution of multimedia content in multicast wireless networks

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2139-3This paper presents a novel architecture for scalable multimedia content delivery over wireless networks. The architecture takes into account both the user preferences and context in order to provide personalized contents to each user. In this way, third-party applications filter the most appropriate contents for each client in each situation. One of the key characteristics of the proposal is the scalability, which is provided, apart from the use of filtering techniques, through the transmission in multicast networks. In this sense, content delivery is carried out by means of the FLUTE (File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport) protocol, which provides reliability in unidirectional environments through different mechanisms such as AL-FEC (Application Layer Forward Error Correction) codes, used in this paper. Another key characteristic is the context-awareness and personalization of content delivery, which is provided by means of context information, user profiles, and adaptation. The system proposed is validated through several empirical studies. Specifically, the paper presents evaluations of two types that collect objective and subjective measures. The first evaluate the efficiency of the transmission protocol, analyzing how the use of appropriate transmission parameters reduces the download time (and thus increasing the Quality of Experience), which can be minimized by using caching techniques. On the other hand, the subjective measures present a study about the user experience after testing the application and analyze the accuracy of the filtering process/strategy. Results show that using AL-FEC mechanisms produces download times until four times lower than when no protection is used. Also, results prove that there is a code rate that minimizes the download time depending on the losses and that, in general, code rates 0.7 and 0.9 provide good download times for a wide range of losses. On the other hand, subjective measures indicate a high user satisfaction (more than 80 %) and a relevant degree of accuracy of the content adaption.This work is supported in part by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Government of Spain under project COMINN (IPT-2012-0883-430000) and by the project PAID/2012/313 from the PAID-05-12 program of the Vicerrectorado de Investigacion of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.De Fez Lava, I.; Gil Pascual, M.; Fons Cors, JJ.; Guerri Cebollada, JC.; Pelechano Ferragud, V. (2014). A personalized system for scalable distribution of multimedia content in multicast wireless networks. 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Uso de contenedores Docker en el entorno educativo

[EN] The use of different software programs in the realization of laboratory practices usually entails problems for both teachers and students, due to the fact of carrying out the installation and maintenance of the programs, which sometimes tend to present compatibility problems derived from updates. This article proposes the use of Docker, a tool that provides an execution environment that contains all the programs to be used in a practice, thus facilitating the generation of learning environments. Moreover, this work presents a real experience in the use of the aforementioned tool carried out over three courses in a subject with practical exercises in the field of Telecommunications and Information Technologies, detailing the advantages and drawbacks that the use of Docker has meant for both faculty and students.[ES] La utilización de diferentes programas software en la realización de prácticas de laboratorio suele conllevar problemas tanto para el profesorado como para el alumnado, por el hecho de llevar a cabo la instalación y mantenimiento de los programas, los cuales a veces suelen presentar problemas de compatibilidad derivados de actualizaciones. En este artículo se propone el uso de Docker, herramienta que permite disponer de un entorno de ejecución que contiene todos los programas a utilizar en una práctica, facilitando así la generación de entornos de aprendizaje. Asimismo, en este trabajo se presenta una experiencia real de uso de dicha herramienta, llevada a cabo a lo largo de tres cursos en una asignatura de prácticas del campo de las Telecomunicaciones y las Tecnologías de la Información, detallando las ventajas e inconvenientes que el uso de Docker ha supuesto tanto para el profesorado como para el alumnado.De Fez Lava, I.; Arce Vila, P.; Belda Ortega, R.; Guerri Cebollada, JC. (2021). Uso de contenedores Docker en el entorno educativo. En IN-RED 2021: VII Congreso de Innovación Edicativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 905-915. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2021.2021.13800OCS90591